Earth and Space Sciences Quiz

1. What causes the seasons on Earth?

Earth moving closer to and farther from the sun during its orbit
The sun getting hotter and cooler throughout the year
Earth's tilt causing certain areas to get more direct sunlight at different times of year
Changes in Earth's rotation speed

2. Based on the simple diagram below showing Earth's position during summer in the Northern Hemisphere, what can you infer about sunlight distribution?

SUMMER IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

SUN

EARTH

NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE

SOUTHERN
HEMISPHERE

Earth's axis is tilted 23.5° toward the sun in Northern Hemisphere summer

The Northern Hemisphere receives less direct sunlight
The Northern Hemisphere receives more direct sunlight
Sunlight is equally distributed between Northern and Southern Hemispheres
No sunlight reaches the Northern Hemisphere

3. What is the greenhouse effect as described in the chapter?

Plants growing more quickly because of increased carbon dioxide
Atmospheric carbon preventing light from entering the atmosphere
Light entering the atmosphere but being prevented from leaving when it bounces off Earth, making the planet hotter
The natural warming of Earth's atmosphere regardless of human activity

4. Look at the chart below showing global temperature and CO₂ levels over time. What can you infer about the relationship between these two factors?

GLOBAL TEMPERATURE AND CO₂ LEVELS (1900-2020)

Year	CO₂ Level	Temperature Change
1900	295 ppm	0.0°C
1940	310 ppm	+0.1°C
1960	320 ppm	+0.2°C
1980	340 ppm	+0.4°C
2000	370 ppm	+0.7°C
2020	415 ppm	+1.2°C

Note: ppm = parts per million; °C = degrees Celsius

Temperature increases cause CO₂ levels to decrease
There is no relationship between temperature and CO₂ levels
As CO₂ levels increase, global temperatures also increase
Temperature changes occur before CO₂ level changes

5. What is climate as defined in the chapter?

The daily changes in temperature and precipitation
A pattern of weather that repeats
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
The average temperature of a region over a single day

6. Review the simplified water cycle description below. If deforestation increases in the forest area described, what might you infer about precipitation in nearby regions?

THE WATER CYCLE AND FORESTS

Forests and Water: Trees absorb water through their roots and release it as water vapor through their leaves in a process called transpiration.

Water in the Air: Water vapor from transpiration rises into the atmosphere and helps form clouds.

Precipitation: Water returns to Earth as rain or snow when clouds reach certain areas, especially mountainous regions near forests.

Deforestation Effects: When forests are cut down, less water vapor enters the atmosphere through transpiration, affecting cloud formation and precipitation patterns.

Precipitation will increase due to more sunlight reaching the ground
Precipitation will remain exactly the same
Precipitation will decrease due to reduced transpiration from plants
Ocean levels will rise, causing more evaporation

7. What are the main gases in Earth's atmosphere according to the chapter?

Carbon dioxide and methane
Hydrogen and helium
Nitrogen and oxygen
Ozone and water vapor

8. According to the chapter, what consequences have resulted from rising global temperatures?

Decreased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Species extinction, rising sea levels, and related natural disasters like tsunamis and forest fires
Increased plant growth worldwide
More stable and predictable weather patterns